现在我们正在做类似于this question中推荐的内容.也就是说,在每个请求中调用ActiveRecord :: Base.establish_connection.
但是,it seems ActiveRecord :: Base.establish_connection删除当前的连接池,并在每次调用时建立一个新的连接.
我做了这个快速的基准测试,看看每次调用建立连接和建立连接是否有明显的区别:
require 'benchmark/ips' $config = Rails.configuration.database_configuration[Rails.env] $db1_config = $config.dup.update('database' => 'db1') $db2_config = $config.dup.update('database' => 'db2') # Method 1: call establish_connection on each "request". Benchmark.ips do |r| r.report('establish_connection:') do # Simulate two requests,one for each DB. ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection($db1_config) MyModel.count # A little query to force the DB connection to establish. ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection($db2_config) MyModel.count end end # Method 2: Have different subclasses of my models,one for each DB,and # call establish_connection only once class MyModelDb1 < MyModel establish_connection($db1_config) end class MyModelDb2 < MyModel establish_connection($db2_config) end Benchmark.ips do |r| r.report('different models:') do MyModelDb1.count MyModelDb2.count end end
我用rails runner运行这个脚本,指向一个本地的mysql,在DB上有几千条记录,结果似乎表明这两种方法之间实际上有一个很大的差别(一个数量级)(BTW,我不知道基准是否有效或我搞砸了,因此结果是误导的):
Calculating ------------------------------------- establish_connection: 8 i/100ms ------------------------------------------------- establish_connection: 117.9 (±26.3%) i/s - 544 in 5.001575s Calculating ------------------------------------- different models: 119 i/100ms ------------------------------------------------- different models: 1299.4 (±22.1%) i/s - 6188 in 5.039483s
所以,基本上,我想知道是否有一种方法来维护每个子域的连接池,然后重新使用这些连接,而不是在每个请求上建立一个新的连接.拥有每个子域的模型子类是不可行的,因为有很多模型;我只想改变所有模型的连接(在ActiveRecord :: Base中)
解决方法
在阅读了关于ActiveRecord中的连接管理的tenderlove’s post之后,这解释了类层次结构如何不必要地与连接管理相结合,我明白为什么要做我不想像预期那样简单的做法.
我最终做的是对ActiveRecord的ConnectionHandler进行子类化,并在我的模型层次结构的顶部使用新的连接处理程序(在ConnectionHandler code上有些虚拟化需要了解它在内部的工作原理;因此当然这个解决方案可能与Rails有很大关系版本我正在使用(3.2)).就像是:
# A model class that connects to a different DB depending on the subdomain # we're in class ModelBase < ActiveRecord::Base self.abstract_class = true self.connection_handler = CustomConnectionHandler.new end # ... class CustomConnectionHandler < ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler def initialize super @pools_by_subdomain = {} end # Override the behaviour of ActiveRecord's ConnectionHandler to return a # connection pool for the current domain. def retrieve_connection_pool(klass) # Get current subdomain somehow (Maybe store it in a class variable on # each request or whatever) subdomain = @@subdomain @pools_by_subdomain[subdomain] ||= create_pool(subdomain) end private def create_pool(subdomain) conf = Rails.configuration.database_configuration[Rails.env].dup # The name of the DB for that subdomain... conf.update!('database' => "db_#{subdomain}") resolver = ActiveRecord::Base::ConnectionSpecification::Resolver.new(conf,nil) # Call ConnectionHandler#establish_connection,which receives a key # (in this case the subdomain) for the new connection pool establish_connection(subdomain,resolver.spec) end end
这仍然需要一些测试来检查实际上是否有性能提升,但是我在本地Unicorn服务器上运行的初始测试表明存在.
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