如何使junit测试在springboot应用程序中使用嵌入式mongoDB？

我正在学习springboot并创建了一个简单的springboot应用程序.我希望它在运行单元测试时使用嵌入式mongoDB,而在应用程序的其余部分使用外部mongoDB.但是它使用外部mongoDB进行单元测试而不是嵌入式测试.
我在POM中有两个依赖项.

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>de.flapdoodle.embed</groupId>
        <artifactId>de.flapdoodle.embed.mongo</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

我的属性文件包含以下内容：

# MongoDB properties
mongo.db.name=person_testDB
mongo.db.url=localhost

#external Mongo url
spring.data.mongodb.uri=mongodb://localhost:27017/personDB

我有一个配置文件(MongoDBConfig.java),其中包含嵌入式MongoDB配置：

@EnableMongoRepositories
public class MongoDBConfig {

@Value("${mongo.db.url}")
private String MONGO_DB_URL;

@Value("${mongo.db.name}")
private String MONGO_DB_NAME;

@Bean
public MongoTemplate mongoTemplate() {
    MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(MONGO_DB_URL);
    MongoTemplate mongoTemplate = new MongoTemplate(mongoClient, MONGO_DB_NAME);
    return mongoTemplate;
 }
}

以下是我的PersonService.java类：

@Service
public class PersonService  {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PersonService.class);      
@Autowired
MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;            
public void savePerson(Person person) {
    String name = person.getName();
    String collectionName = name.substring(0, 1);
        mongoTemplate.save(person, collectionName);
    }               
}

我对PersonsService类的单元测试如下：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {MongoDBConfig.class})
@SpringBootTest(classes = PersonService.class)
@DataMongoTest
public class PersonServiceTest {

@Autowired
PersonService personService;    
MongodForTestsFactory factory;
MongoClient mongo;

@Before
public void setup() throws Exception {
    factory = MongodForTestsFactory.with(Version.Main.PRODUCTION);
    mongo = factory.newMongo();
}

@After
public void teardown() throws Exception {
    if (factory != null)
        factory.shutdown();
}

@Test
public void testSave(){
Person person = new Person("Bob Smith " , 25);
personService.savePerson(person);
}
}

它在外部MongoDB中正确地创建了集合名称和文档名称,这不是我想要的.如何将unitTests限制为嵌入式Mongo？

解决方法:

另一种方法是在测试中运行整个spring boot应用程序.在这种情况下,将自动发现您的spring启动应用程序,并将通过Spring Boot下载并启动嵌入式mongoDB

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class YourSpringBootApplicationTests {

08:12:14.676 INFO EmbeddedMongo:42 – note: noprealloc may hurt
performance in many applications 08:12:14.694 INFO EmbeddedMongo:42 –
2017-12-31T08:12:14.693+0200 I CONTROL [initandlisten] MongoDB
starting : pid=2246 port=52299 08:12:22.005 INFO connection:71 –
Opened connection [connectionId{localValue:2, serverValue:2}] to
localhost:52299

如果是您的示例,您可以修改代码以便在不同的端口上启动嵌入式Mongo：

>添加test / resoures / test.properties文件以覆盖application.properties中的属性

mongo.db.name=person_testDB
mongo.db.url=localhost
mongo.db.port=12345

>修改MongoDBConfig：添加MONGO_DB_PORT字段

@EnableMongoRepositories
public class MongoDBConfig {
    @Value("${mongo.db.url}")
    private String MONGO_DB_URL;

    @Value(("${mongo.db.port:27017}"))
    private int MONGO_DB_PORT;

    @Value("${mongo.db.name}")
    private String MONGO_DB_NAME;

    @Bean
    public MongoTemplate mongoTemplate() {
        MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(MONGO_DB_URL, MONGO_DB_PORT);
        MongoTemplate mongoTemplate = new MongoTemplate(mongoClient, MONGO_DB_NAME);
        return mongoTemplate;
    }
}

>修改测试类：
删除@DataMongoTest注释.此注释强制启动嵌入式mongoDB实例

static MongodExecutable mongodExecutable;

@BeforeClass
public static void setup() throws Exception {
    MongodStarter starter = MongodStarter.getDefaultInstance();
    String bindIp = "localhost";
    int port = 12345;
    IMongodConfig mongodConfig = new MongodConfigBuilder()
            .version(Version.Main.PRODUCTION)
            .net(new Net(bindIp, port, Network.localhostIsIPv6()))
            .build();
    mongodExecutable = null;
    try {
        mongodExecutable = starter.prepare(mongodConfig);
        mongodExecutable.start();
    } catch (Exception e){
        // log exception here
        if (mongodExecutable != null)
            mongodExecutable.stop();
    }
}

@AfterClass
public static void teardown() throws Exception {
    if (mongodExecutable != null)
        mongodExecutable.stop();
}

另一种方法是使用MongoRepository和init嵌入式Mongo作为测试@Configuration类的一部分：它在此概述：How do you configure Embedded MongDB for integration testing in a Spring Boot application?