Swagger 是一个规范和完整的框架，用于生成、描述、调用和可视化 RESTful 风格的 Web 服务。是一款RESTFUL接口的文档在线自动生成+功能测试软件。总体目标是使客户端和文件系统作为服务器以同样的速度来更新。文件的方法，参数和模型紧密集成到服务器端的代码，允许API来始终保持同步。Swagger 让部署管理和使用功能强大的API从未如此简单。
作用：
2. 功能测试。
一 、swagger的创建
1.新建asp.net core项目
2.nuget上安装Swashbuckle.AspNetCore
Swashbuckle有三个主要组件：
-
Swashbuckle.AspNetCore.Swagger：一个Swagger对象模型和中间件，用于将
SwaggerDocument对象公开为JSON端点。 -
Swashbuckle.AspNetCore.SwaggerGen：一个Swagger生成器，可
SwaggerDocument直接从路由，控制器和模型构建对象。它通常与Swagger端点中间件结合使用，以自动显示Swagger JSON。 -
Swashbuckle.AspNetCore.SwaggerUI：Swagger UI工具的嵌入式版本。它解释了Swagger JSON，以便为描述Web API功能构建丰富，可定制的体验。它包括用于公共方法的内置测试工具。
3.在Startup的 ConfigureServices配置服务中添加中间件
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options => { // This lambda determines whether user consent for non-essential cookies is needed for a given request. options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true; options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None; }); services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2); services.AddSwaggerGen(c => { c.SwaggerDoc("v1",new Info { Title = "My API",Version = "v1" }); }); }
4.在Startup的 Configure配置服务中启用中间件
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app,IHostingEnvironment env) { if (env.IsDevelopment()) { app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage(); } else { app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error"); // The default HSTS value is 30 days. You may want to change this for production scenarios,see https://aka.ms/aspnetcore-hsts. app.UseHsts(); } app.UseHttpsRedirection(); app.UseStaticFiles(); app.UseCookiePolicy(); app.UseMvc(routes => { routes.MapRoute( name: "default",template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}"); }); app.UseSwagger(); app.UseSwaggerUI(c => { c.InjectJavascript(""); c.SwaggerEndpoint("/swagger/v1/swagger.json","My API V1"); }); }
5.启动程序，然后键入url swagger/index.html或者swagger
在 Properties >> launchSettings.json文件中更改默认配置 >> 启用 "launchUrl": "swagger"配置
{ "iisSettings": { "windowsAuthentication": false,"anonymousAuthentication": true,"iisExpress": { "applicationUrl": "http://localhost:49833","sslPort": 44387 } },"profiles": { "IIS Express": { "commandName": "IISExpress","launchbrowser": true,"launchUrl": "swagger", "environmentvariables": { "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development" } },"SwaggerTest": { "commandName": "Project","launchUrl": "http://localhost:49833/swagger","applicationUrl": "https://localhost:5001;http://localhost:5000","environmentvariables": { "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development" } } } }
7.为控制器中每个方法添加注释，启用XML注释为未记录的公共类型和成员提供调试信息 项目 >> 属性 >> 生成
修改Startup的 ConfigureServices配置服务
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options => { // This lambda determines whether user consent for non-essential cookies is needed for a given request. options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true; options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None; }); services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2); services.AddSwaggerGen(c => { c.SwaggerDoc("v1",Version = "v1" }); //添加xml文件 var xmlFile = $"{Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Name}.xml"; var xmlPath = Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory,xmlFile); c.IncludeXmlComments(xmlPath); }); }
8.添加控制器，启动 创建成功
二 、注意事项
1.启动后出现 No operations defined in spec! 问题
在查看/swagger/v1/swagger.json文件后发现是没有配置parh
打开后内容是：
{"swagger":"2.0","info":{"version":"v1","title":"My API"},"paths":{},"deFinitions":{}}
解决：该项目中未添加API控制器，注意必须是API控制器，并且需要在处理方法上添加HTTP标记
/// <summary> /// Delete /// </summary> /// <param name="ids">删除id列表</param> /// <returns>被成功删除id列表</returns> [HttpDelete] public ActionResult<IEnumerable<string>> Delete(params string[] ids) { if (ids == null) return NoContent(); return ids; } /// <summary> /// Update /// </summary> /// <param name="id">Update id</param> /// <returns></returns> [HttpPut] public IActionResult Update(string id) { return Content("Update id:" + id); } /// <summary> /// Add /// </summary> /// <param name="param">Add ids</param> /// <returns></returns> [HttpPost] public IActionResult Add(params string[] param) { return Content(string.Join(",",param)); }
2.启动后出现 Failed to load API deFinition. 错误
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Threading.Tasks; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; namespace SwaggerTest.Controllers { [Route("api/[controller]")] [ApiController] public class DefaultController : ControllerBase { /// <summary> /// Delete /// </summary> /// <param name="ids">删除id列表</param> /// <returns>被成功删除id列表</returns> //[HttpDelete] public ActionResult<IEnumerable<string>> Delete(params string[] ids) { if (ids == null) return NoContent(); return ids; } /// <summary> /// Update /// </summary> /// <param name="id">Update id</param> /// <returns></returns> [HttpPut] public IActionResult Update(string id) { return Content("Update id:" + id); } /// <summary> /// Add /// </summary> /// <param name="param">Add ids</param> /// <returns></returns> [HttpPost] public IActionResult Add(params string[] param) { return Content(string.Join(",param)); } } }
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